Guitar electronics are very simple on the surface. A basic plumbing model often suffices. When one gets into the actual understanding of just how things work and interact, its gets complex (pun intended) quickly. To fully understand discrete AC electronics, one needs a working knowledge of electronics as well as complex math (as in the complex plane), phasor theory, and AC circuit analysis. (Sorry.)
My father (also an EE) had an electronics lab in the house, so I can't remember when I didn't understand basic electronics. My constant companion then was a 1948 edition of the Radio Amateur's Handbook, which was repeatedly read cover to cover (hint). The focus then, of course, was on vacuum tubes, so I knew them well.
There also wasn't much of the complexity that engineers face today, which leads colleges to often skim over the intricate basics of discrete components.
Between high school and college, while I was in the Army, I mail ordered and read/learned virtually every book on electronics that Lafayette Electronics had (hint). (Us old timers remember them, they were the premier east coast amateur/hobbyist electronics chain around until their adventure with four channel stereo. No one hears of four channel today, which explains their demise in the early 70's.)
Your request kind of reminds me of a Dilbert comic strip where the secretary sez "You engineers just sit around all day and drink coffee. Why don't you teach me to be an engineer, I don't care if it takes all day!"
I don't mean to be facetious, it's just that teaching one enough basics to understand and be conversant in guitar electronics will take somewhere between a few weeks and years, depending on the conversation. I'm of the opinion that while a software engineer can become fairly productive after a few years on the job, it usually takes about a decade for a hardware engineer to fully spin up. An electronics background is the most difficult to learn since most concepts aren't visually discernible, but abstract; however, once learned, the more mechanical disciplines are much easier to add.
I've been appalled at the relative inadequacy of most books on basic electronics. I've looked since I'm often away from my little lab and desire portable reference material.
I'm going to keep looking for good intro books in general electronics (hint) since I believe that a general basis is preferred over a guitar-centric one where authors present some basics, but tend to gloss over the real facts and get mushy with misinterpretations.
It's difficult for me to appreciate the real difficulty of learning basic electronics since I've always been able to "see" virtually any technology or discipline that I've encountered. (I was one of those annoying folks in college that didn't take exams since it would bias the curve for others.) One of the best experiences that I had in college was with analog computers where I could see (and "see") differentials and integrals in dynamic action. This can be experienced today with pSpice where one can "build" circuits on a PC and see their dynamic responses.
Learning to write (English comp) and geography was another matter.
A good reference book is relatively easy to find, but these presume that one already knows electronics and just wants info for a specific topic.
The "for Dummies" series seems to be pretty good. I don't know about the electronics one, but based on the behaviour of the species in traffic, the "Sex for Dummies" one seems to be pretty clear. ;D
(Breeding should be selectively encouraged.)
The point is, go loiter in libraries and book stores (and Radio Shack), and look about. You'll begin to get a feel for the ones that are best for you. I say this because folks learn in different ways. Some learn by hearing, some by writing, and some by seeing.
We probably should consider a basic electronics thread on the board. We're starting in that direction with the modules thread.
I do encourage folk to learn basic electronics so that they may understand. We often get requests from the "excitable folk" that want a wiring diagram for their exact guitar (and why hasn't anyone posted one, it's been 2 hours already). They don't understand that the time that it takes to generate a specific custom wiring design/diagram is often worth hundreds of dollars in time that could be spent generating consulting income.
Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day.
Teach a man to fish and you can get rid of him for a whole weekend.Teach a man to fish and he can feed himself forever.